目录

数学模板:数论

1 质因数分解

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M = 
f = [0]*2+[1]*(M-2)
for i in range(2,isqrt(M)+1):
	if f[i]:
		f[i*i:M:i] = [0]*((M-1-i*i)//i+1)
primes = [i for i in range(M) if f[i]]

@cache
def factor(x):
    ct = defaultdict(int)
    for p in primes:
        while x%p==0:
            x//=p
            ct[p] += 1
    if x>1:
        ct[x] += 1
    return ct

2 乘法逆元

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ma = 
mod = 10**9+7
fac, inv = [1]*ma, [1]*ma
for i in range(1,ma):
    fac[i] = fac[i-1]*i%mod
    inv[i] = pow(fac[i],-1,mod)

3 矩阵幂

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mod = 10**9+7
def mul(A,B):
    return [[sum(a*b for a,b in zip(r,c))%mod for c in zip(*B)] for r in A]
def mpow(mat, n):
    res = mat
    for i in range(n.bit_length()-2,-1,-1):
        res = mul(res,res)
        if n>>i&1:
            res = mul(res,mat)
    return res
    
f = [[],[]]
A = [[],[]]
f = mul(mpow(A,n),f)

4 爬山法

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def climb(p,cal):
	eps, step = 1e-7, 1
	while step > eps:
		for i,w in product(range(len(p)),[step,-step]):
			p2 = [a+w*(j==i) for j,a in enumerate(p)]
			if cal(p2)<cal(p):
				p = p2
				break
		else:
			step *= 0.5
	return p